Among 40-69 year old urban Chinese adults, excessive fat consumption comprising 37.4% of total calories combined with insufficient carbohydrates at 44.7% created a pro-inflammatory dietary environment. The study's dietary inflammation index median of 1.3 and gut microbiota index of 3.0 indicated participants consistently consumed foods that promote inflammation and harm beneficial bacteria. Livestock products emerged as the primary inflammatory drivers, while vegetables provided the strongest protective effects against inflammation. This macronutrient imbalance represents a significant departure from traditional Chinese dietary patterns, which typically emphasize plant foods and moderate fat intake. The finding that gut microbiota-friendly diets reduced dysglycemia risk by 69% offers compelling evidence for microbiome-targeted nutritional interventions. However, the cross-sectional design limits causal interpretations, and the focus on urban populations may not reflect rural dietary patterns. The research reinforces growing evidence that Western-style high-fat diets disrupt the inflammation-gut axis, accelerating chronic disease development. For middle-aged adults, prioritizing vegetables while reducing processed meat consumption could substantially improve metabolic health outcomes through dual anti-inflammatory and microbiome-supporting mechanisms.