Physical activity, Mediterranean diet adherence, and caffeine consumption demonstrate the strongest protective effects against Parkinson's disease development, while pesticide exposure emerges as a significant modifiable risk factor. This comprehensive review synthesizes decades of epidemiological data identifying these lifestyle interventions as our most robust primary prevention tools. The convergence on exercise and Mediterranean dietary patterns mirrors findings across multiple age-related diseases, suggesting shared neuroprotective mechanisms involving inflammation reduction, mitochondrial health, and cellular stress resistance. However, the field faces a critical implementation gap—despite strong evidence supporting moderate-to-high intensity exercise for both prevention and disease modification, clinical practice remains inconsistent. The review highlights an emerging opportunity in prodromal intervention, where early detection methods could enable targeted prevention before symptom onset. Yet evidence remains largely inferential, drawn from observational studies rather than controlled prevention trials. As Parkinson's becomes increasingly prevalent with population aging, these findings underscore the urgent need for systematic lifestyle intervention programs and the development of personalized prevention strategies based on individual risk profiles and genetic susceptibility patterns.